验证
创建 API 服务器的目的在于接收输入并对其进行处理。
JavaScript 允许任何数据成为任何类型。Vafast 提供了一个工具,可以对数据进行验证,以确保数据的格式正确。
typescript
import { Server, defineRoutes, createHandler } from 'vafast'
import { Type } from '@sinclair/typebox'
import { TypeCompiler } from '@sinclair/typebox/compiler'
interface TypedRequest extends Request {
params: { id: string }
}
const paramsSchema = Type.Object({
id: Type.String()
})
const paramsValidator = TypeCompiler.Compile(paramsSchema)
const routes = defineRoutes([
{
method: 'GET',
path: '/id/:id',
handler: (req) => {
const params = (req as TypedRequest).params
if (!paramsValidator.Check(params)) {
return new Response('Invalid params', { status: 400 })
}
return params.id
}
}
])
const server = new Server(routes)
export default { fetch: server.fetch }TypeBox
TypeBox 是一个用于运行时、编译时和 OpenAPI 模式的类型安全模式构建器,用于生成 OpenAPI/Swagger 文档。
TypeBox 是一个非常快速、轻量且类型安全的 TypeScript 运行时验证库。Vafast 直接使用 TypeBox 进行验证,提供完整的类型安全。
我们认为验证应该由框架原生处理,而不是依赖用户为每个项目设置自定义类型。
TypeScript
我们可以通过访问 TypeBox 的类型定义来获得完整的类型安全:
typescript
import { Type } from '@sinclair/typebox'
const UserSchema = Type.Object({
id: Type.Number(),
name: Type.String(),
email: Type.String({ format: 'email' }),
age: Type.Optional(Type.Number({ minimum: 0 }))
})
// 自动推断类型
type User = Static<typeof UserSchema>基本验证
请求体验证
typescript
import { Type } from '@sinclair/typebox'
const userSchema = Type.Object({
name: Type.String({ minLength: 1, maxLength: 100 }),
email: Type.String({ format: 'email' }),
age: Type.Optional(Type.Number({ minimum: 0, maximum: 150 }))
})
const routes = defineRoutes([
{
method: 'POST',
path: '/users',
handler: createHandler(({ body }) => {
// body 已经通过验证,类型安全
const { name, email, age } = body
return { name, email, age: age || 18 }
}),
body: userSchema
}
])查询参数验证
typescript
const searchSchema = Type.Object({
q: Type.String({ minLength: 1 }),
page: Type.Optional(Type.Number({ minimum: 1 })),
limit: Type.Optional(Type.Number({ minimum: 1, maximum: 100 })),
sort: Type.Optional(Type.Union([
Type.Literal('name'),
Type.Literal('email'),
Type.Literal('created_at')
]))
})
const routes = defineRoutes([
{
method: 'GET',
path: '/search',
handler: createHandler(({ query }) => {
const { q, page = 1, limit = 10, sort = 'name' } = query
return { query: q, page, limit, sort, results: [] }
}),
query: searchSchema
}
])路径参数验证
typescript
const userParamsSchema = Type.Object({
id: Type.Number({ minimum: 1 }),
action: Type.Optional(Type.Union([
Type.Literal('profile'),
Type.Literal('settings'),
Type.Literal('posts')
]))
})
const routes = defineRoutes([
{
method: 'GET',
path: '/users/:id/:action?',
handler: createHandler(({ params }) => {
const { id, action = 'profile' } = params
return `User ${id} ${action}`
}),
params: userParamsSchema
}
])高级验证
嵌套对象
typescript
const addressSchema = Type.Object({
street: Type.String(),
city: Type.String(),
country: Type.String(),
postalCode: Type.String()
})
const userSchema = Type.Object({
name: Type.String(),
email: Type.String({ format: 'email' }),
address: addressSchema,
phones: Type.Array(Type.String({ pattern: '^\\+?[1-9]\\d{1,14}$' }))
})
const routes = defineRoutes([
{
method: 'POST',
path: '/users',
handler: createHandler(({ body }) => {
return createUser(body)
}),
body: userSchema
}
])联合类型
typescript
const userInputSchema = Type.Union([
Type.Object({
type: Type.Literal('create'),
data: Type.Object({
name: Type.String(),
email: Type.String({ format: 'email' })
})
}),
Type.Object({
type: Type.Literal('update'),
id: Type.Number(),
data: Type.Partial(Type.Object({
name: Type.String(),
email: Type.String({ format: 'email' })
}))
})
])
const routes = defineRoutes([
{
method: 'POST',
path: '/users',
handler: createHandler(({ body }) => {
if (body.type === 'create') {
return createUser(body.data)
} else {
return updateUser(body.id, body.data)
}
}),
body: userInputSchema
}
])条件验证
typescript
const conditionalSchema = Type.Object({
type: Type.Union([
Type.Literal('individual'),
Type.Literal('company')
]),
name: Type.String(),
email: Type.String({ format: 'email' }),
companyName: Type.Conditional(
Type.Ref('type'),
Type.Literal('company'),
Type.String({ minLength: 1 }),
Type.Never()
),
ssn: Type.Conditional(
Type.Ref('type'),
Type.Literal('individual'),
Type.String({ pattern: '^\\d{3}-\\d{2}-\\d{4}$' }),
Type.Never()
)
})
const routes = defineRoutes([
{
method: 'POST',
path: '/accounts',
handler: createHandler(({ body }) => {
return createAccount(body)
}),
body: conditionalSchema
}
])自定义验证
自定义验证器
typescript
const customStringSchema = Type.String({
minLength: 1,
maxLength: 100,
pattern: '^[a-zA-Z0-9_]+$',
errorMessage: 'Username must contain only letters, numbers, and underscores'
})
const customNumberSchema = Type.Number({
minimum: 0,
maximum: 100,
multipleOf: 5,
errorMessage: 'Score must be a multiple of 5 between 0 and 100'
})
const routes = defineRoutes([
{
method: 'POST',
path: '/scores',
handler: createHandler(({ body }) => {
return saveScore(body)
}),
body: Type.Object({
username: customStringSchema,
score: customNumberSchema
})
}
])异步验证
typescript
const asyncValidationSchema = Type.Object({
email: Type.String({ format: 'email' }),
username: Type.String({ minLength: 3, maxLength: 20 })
})
const routes = defineRoutes([
{
method: 'POST',
path: '/users',
handler: createHandler(async ({ body }) => {
// 异步验证
const emailExists = await checkEmailExists(body.email)
if (emailExists) {
return new Response('Email already exists', { status: 400 })
}
const usernameExists = await checkUsernameExists(body.username)
if (usernameExists) {
return new Response('Username already exists', { status: 400 })
}
return createUser(body)
}),
body: asyncValidationSchema
}
])错误处理
验证错误
当验证失败时,Vafast 会自动返回 400 错误:
typescript
const routes = defineRoutes([
{
method: 'POST',
path: '/users',
handler: createHandler(({ body }) => {
// 如果验证失败,这里不会执行
return createUser(body)
}),
body: Type.Object({
name: Type.String({ minLength: 1 }),
email: Type.String({ format: 'email' })
})
}
])自定义错误处理
typescript
const errorHandler = async (req: Request, next: () => Promise<Response>) => {
try {
return await next()
} catch (error) {
if (error.name === 'ValidationError') {
return new Response(
JSON.stringify({
error: 'Validation failed',
details: error.details
}),
{
status: 400,
headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
}
)
}
return new Response('Internal server error', { status: 500 })
}
}
const routes = defineRoutes([
{
method: 'POST',
path: '/users',
handler: createHandler(({ body }) => {
return createUser(body)
}),
body: userSchema,
middleware: [errorHandler]
}
])性能优化
预编译验证器
typescript
import { TypeCompiler } from '@sinclair/typebox/compiler'
// 预编译验证器以提高性能
const userValidator = TypeCompiler.Compile(userSchema)
const routes = defineRoutes([
{
method: 'POST',
path: '/users',
handler: createHandler(({ body }) => {
// 使用预编译的验证器
const isValid = userValidator.Check(body)
if (!isValid) {
return new Response('Invalid data', { status: 400 })
}
return createUser(body)
})
}
])缓存验证结果
typescript
const validationCache = new Map<string, boolean>()
const cachedValidation = (schema: any) => {
return async (req: Request, next: () => Promise<Response>) => {
const body = await req.json()
const cacheKey = JSON.stringify(body)
if (validationCache.has(cacheKey)) {
return await next()
}
const isValid = Type.Is(schema, body)
if (isValid) {
validationCache.set(cacheKey, true)
return await next()
} else {
return new Response('Invalid data', { status: 400 })
}
}
}
const routes = defineRoutes([
{
method: 'POST',
path: '/users',
handler: createHandler(({ body }) => {
return createUser(body)
}),
middleware: [cachedValidation(userSchema)]
}
])最佳实践
1. 使用描述性的错误消息
typescript
const userSchema = Type.Object({
name: Type.String({
minLength: 1,
errorMessage: 'Name is required'
}),
email: Type.String({
format: 'email',
errorMessage: 'Please provide a valid email address'
}),
age: Type.Number({
minimum: 0,
maximum: 150,
errorMessage: 'Age must be between 0 and 150'
})
})2. 重用验证模式
typescript
// 基础模式
const baseUserSchema = Type.Object({
name: Type.String({ minLength: 1 }),
email: Type.String({ format: 'email' })
})
// 创建用户模式
const createUserSchema = baseUserSchema
// 更新用户模式
const updateUserSchema = Type.Partial(baseUserSchema)
// 用户列表查询模式
const userQuerySchema = Type.Object({
page: Type.Optional(Type.Number({ minimum: 1 })),
limit: Type.Optional(Type.Number({ minimum: 1, maximum: 100 })),
search: Type.Optional(Type.String())
})3. 验证中间件
typescript
const validateBody = (schema: any) => {
return async (req: Request, next: () => Promise<Response>) => {
try {
const body = await req.json()
const isValid = Type.Is(schema, body)
if (!isValid) {
return new Response('Invalid request body', { status: 400 })
}
// 将验证后的数据添加到请求中
;(req as any).validatedBody = body
return await next()
} catch (error) {
return new Response('Invalid JSON', { status: 400 })
}
}
}
const routes = defineRoutes([
{
method: 'POST',
path: '/users',
middleware: [validateBody(userSchema)],
handler: createHandler(({ req }) => {
const userData = (req as any).validatedBody
return createUser(userData)
})
}
])总结
Vafast 的验证系统提供了:
- ✅ 基于 TypeBox 的完整类型安全
- ✅ 运行时数据验证
- ✅ 自动错误处理
- ✅ 性能优化选项
- ✅ 灵活的验证规则
- ✅ 中间件集成支持
